Orchid Care Guide

Orchids are one of the largest plant families on Earth, with more
than 28,000 species. While some orchids are challenging, many—including
the moth orchid (Phalaenopsis)—are surprisingly easy to grow
indoors when you understand their needs. This guide focuses on
Phalaenopsis and general orchid care.

Light requirements

Light is one of the most important factors for orchids. Iowa State
University Extension notes that orchids require bright indirect light
similar to what African violets prefer. Too little light results in dark
green leaves and no flowers. For orchids grown under artificial
lighting, position fluorescent or LED lights 6–12 inches above the
foliage and provide at least 14 hours of light per day.

Growing media and containers

Most orchids are epiphytes and do not grow in soil. Instead, they are
potted in coarse bark, sphagnum moss or other media that provides sharp
drainage. Bark mixtures offer excellent drainage and dry out quickly,
while sphagnum retains more moisture. Use containers with large drainage
holes or net pots. Orchids prefer tight pots; a snug container supports
the roots and discourages overwatering.

Watering

Watering is the most critical aspect of orchid care. Orchids should
be watered just as the media dries—before wilting but after the potting
mix has dried out. For Phalaenopsis and other orchids without
pseudobulbs, water when the media is nearly dry but not completely bone
dry. To water, run water over the media until it drains through the
bottom. Empty saucers after 30 minutes and never allow orchids to sit in
water. Avoid wetting the leaves; water in the morning so foliage dries
quickly.

Temperature and humidity

Most orchids fall into three temperature groups: cool (60–75°F),
intermediate (70–80°F) and warm (75–85°F). Phalaenopsis prefer
intermediate to warm temperatures. A drop of 10–15°F between day and
night helps initiate blooms. Orchids thrive in humidity levels between
40% and 70%. Increase humidity with pebble trays, humidifiers or
grouping plants.

Fertilization

Orchids need less fertilizer than most houseplants. ISU Extension
recommends feeding frequently at a low dose—“weakly, weekly”—using a
balanced fertilizer such as 10‑10‑10. Skip fertilization once a month
and flush the potting media thoroughly with water to prevent salt
buildup.

Pruning and reblooming

After the flowers fade, remove the spent flower stalk. For
Phalaenopsis, leave two nodes on the stem to encourage a possible
rebloom. Healthy plants may produce a secondary spike from these nodes
within 8–12 weeks. Orchids rarely need extensive pruning; remove only
dead leaves or roots with sterilized pruners.

Repotting

Repot orchids every 2–3 years when the media breaks down or roots
outgrow the pot. Use fresh coarse media and a container just large
enough to accommodate the roots. Remove old media and trim dead roots
before repotting.

Air movement

Orchids require good air movement along with high humidity. Use a
small fan to keep air circulating gently around the plants without
blowing directly on the foliage.

Conclusion

By meeting their unique needs for light, water, media and humidity,
orchids can thrive and bloom repeatedly indoors. Phalaenopsis orchids
are particularly forgiving and are a great starting point for orchid
beginners. For other blooming indoor plants, explore our Flowering Houseplants
guide, and for more advanced plant care, see our Succulents & Cacti
Collection.